After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Ukraine found itself in possession of a considerable nuclear arsenal. However, financial constraints and geopolitical concerns led Ukraine to disarm itself of these nuclear weapons. The 1994 Budapest Memorandum provided Ukraine with security assurances, but these guarantees were called into question when Russia took over Crimea and backed separatist movements within Ukraine. The current conflict between Russia and Ukraine underscores the security challenges faced by Ukraine in the absence of nuclear deterrence. The significance of Ukraine’s decision to relinquish its nuclear weapons becomes apparent in the face of ongoing tensions in the region. The vulnerability of Ukrainian security without the backing of a nuclear arsenal is a pressing issue that continues to shape the geopolitical landscape in Eastern Europe. The repercussions of Ukraine’s disarmament decision are felt keenly as the country navigates the complexities of its relationship with Russia and strives to maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity.