After the fall of the Soviet Union, Ukraine inherited a significant nuclear stockpile. However, due to financial burdens and geopolitical risks, Ukraine decided to relinquish its nuclear weapons. The 1994 Budapest Memorandum had promised security guarantees to Ukraine, but these guarantees proved to be unreliable when Russia annexed Crimea and supported separatists in Ukraine. The current Russia-Ukraine conflict has brought to light the vulnerabilities of Ukrainian security without nuclear deterrence. The issue of Ukraine’s nuclear disarmament and its impact on national security continues to be a topic of concern in international relations. The decision to give up nuclear weapons has left Ukraine exposed to external threats and has raised questions about the effectiveness of security agreements in the region. As Ukraine grapples with ongoing security challenges, the debate over the country’s nuclear history and its implications for the present situation remains a significant aspect of the geopolitical landscape. The need for reliable security assurances and the consequences of relying on international agreements are key factors in understanding the complex dynamics at play in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.